Epigenetic Mechanisms as Novel Therapeutic Avenues in Cancer Treatment

Pages 10-15

Sharmy Saimon Mano^1,*

¹Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Avinashi Road, Behind Nava India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: Epigenetics encompasses heritable modifications in gene expression that do not alter the DNA sequence, playing a crucial role in regulating gene activity.Key mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), all of which can be influenced by environmental factors.DNA methylation typically occurs at CpG islands, where the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases can suppress gene transcription by obstructing transcription factor binding and recruiting proteins that condense chromatin, leading to gene silencing. Histone modifications can alter the structure of chromatin and thus interfere gene accessibility and transcriptional activity.NcRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate gene expression at multiple levels, from chromatin remodeling to post-transcriptional processing. Epigenetic alterations either activate oncogenes or silence tumor suppressor genes, causes tumor initiation and progression. Unlike genetic mutations, these epigenetic changes are reversible, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Advancements in epigenetic research have led to the development of novel cancer biomarkers and therapies, of fering promising avenues for early detection and personalized treatment strategies.

Keywords: DNA methylation, Histone modification, Oncogene, Tumor suppression, Epidrugs.